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What are the potential physical and emotional effects of panic disorder on the body and mind?
During a panic attack, the brain releases a surge of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which can cause a racing heart, sweating, and trembling.
The amygdala, a region in the brain responsible for emotions, becomes hyperactive during a panic attack, releasing fear and anxiety chemicals.
The body's "fight or flight" response is triggered, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rates.
Panic attacks can cause a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing, and a feeling of choking or suffocation.
Panic attacks can lead to anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 50-70% of cases.
The brain's default mode network, responsible for self-reflection and rumination, is suppressed during panic attacks, leading to increased emotional reactivity.
Panic attacks can cause a transient global amnesia, where the individual may forget their recent past or identity.
Panic attacks can lead to social withdrawal, social anxiety disorder, and decreased quality of life.
The fear of having another panic attack (WOCA) is often more distressing than the initial panic attack itself.
Physical symptoms during panic attacks, such as heart palpitations, are often mistaken for signs of a heart attack.
Panic attacks can trigger vasovagal syncope, a fainting episode caused by sudden drops in blood pressure.
The brain's fear circuitry is rewired during panic disorder, leading to increased sensitivity to threats and anxiety.
Panic attacks can cause sensory processing disorders, leading to sensitivity to sounds, lights, or smells.
The brain's prefrontal cortex, responsible for decision-making and planning, is compromised during panic attacks, leading to impulsive decisions.
Panic attacks can lead to chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances due to increased stress hormones.
The brain's cortisol levels are elevated during panic disorder, leading to increased inflammation and metabolic changes.
Panic attacks can cause a range of sensory disturbances, including numbness, tingling, and burning sensations.
Panic disorder is often associated with digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), due to increased stress hormones.
The brain's reward system is hypersensitive during panic disorder, leading to increased cravings for relaxation and self-soothing behaviors.
Long-term recovery from panic disorder requires significant changes in brain structure and function, involving neuroplasticity and reorganization.
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